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Kuzuzanpola! 隊員の岩井です。

9月11日~20日にかけてブータン東部への旅行を企画しています。東部ではブータンの公用語のゾンカ語ではなくシャショップ(ツァンラ語)という言語が主に使われています。若い世代は学校で国語としてゾンカ語の授業があるためゾンカ語を話せますが、おじいちゃん・おばあちゃん世代は現地語であるシャショップしか話せないそうです。私が思うに田舎に行った時に一番コミュニケーションを取るべき相手は老世代です。その土地の文化や歴史を広く深く熟知しているからです。
しかし私はゾンカ語しか知らず、これでは彼らとコミュニケーションができません。ならどうするか。勉強すればいいだけですね。というわけで本記事は私が東部旅行に向けてシャショップを勉強した際のメモです。東部で活動している隊員やブータン東部に今後行く方の参考になれば幸いです。
ところどころ空白がありますが、”Done is better than perfect”です。語学の勉強で心掛けることの一つに完璧を目指さないということが挙げられます。楽しみつつ勉強していきたいですね。

基本単語

English	Sharchops	Example	Translation
I	Jang	Jang ga ming Ugyen.	My name is Ugyen.
You	Nan	Nan ga ming Dorji.	Your name is Dorji.
You (prural)	Naibak
One	Thur
Two	Nektsen
Three	Sum
Four	Phe
Five	Nga
Today	Thenung	Jang thenung Taktsang dele.	I will go to Taktsang today.
Tomorrow	Nam ning	Nan nam ning hang ale?	What do you do tomorrow?
Yesterday	E ning	Nan e ning han awa ya?	What did you do yesterday?
Rice	Ku	Ku cha mo?	Is there rice?
Dog	Ku	Woochu ga ku manpo la.	There are many dogs in Woochu.
little	dazare	Ji Sharshop dazare se-le.	I know Sharshop a little.
foreigner	plinpa/chiling pa	Jang plinpa gi la.	I am a foreigner.
Yes	gi la	Gi la jang.	Yes, I am.
No	man gi	Man gi jang.	No, I am not.
teacher	lebe	Rok jang ga Sharshop lebe gi la.	She is my Sharshop teacher.
it	unu
this	unu	Unu hang ya?	What's this?
that	ale-ra	Arera han la ya?	What's that?
there	ale-ra	Jang arera dele.	I wanna go there.
big	katan	Gari katan balingming una.	A white big car is coming.
small	zemo	Gari zemo serbhu la.	A yellow small car is there.
white	baling ming	Ku balingming una.	A white dog is coming.
black	changlu	Gari changlu una.	A black car is coming.
red	tshalu	Meto tshalu la.	A red flower is there.
yellow	serbhu
green	yenlu
hair	tsham	Nang ga tsham changlu la.	Your hair is black color.
chicken	gowa-sha	Jang gowa-sha ngowa.	I bought chicken.
pork	pap-sha	Jang pap-sha zawa.	I ate pap-sha.
beaf	no-sha	No-sha curry cha mo?	Do you have beaf curry?
water	ri	Jang li katan jame.	I want a big bottle of water.
tea	ja	Jang ja jame.	I want to drink a cup of tea.
breakfast	bethpu ga to
lunch	ngap ka to
dinner	nyeri ga to
but	dakpakam	Dakpaka young khay sisi.	But it was danger.
because	han-ani-la	Han ani la omsha ga bipar la.	omsha = bear, bipar = footprint
and	dan
or
house	phai	Jang ga phai ga dele.	I wanna go back home.
child	waktsa	Jang waktsa maka.	I don't have a child.
family	pincha
girl	zamin	Jang mobile thur lamsho.	I'm finding a mobile.
want	taspay
beef	washa
songu	people
nice, beautiful	leksowa	Jang Tara Monastry jaybay dewa, leksowa la.	I went to the Tara Monastry, and it was beautiful.
walk	dan dewa
umbrella	sata	Jang sata thur cha.	I have an umbrella.
vegetable	monse
find	lame
song	ngang
together	tap thur
once	jap thur
small	zemo
morning	bethpay
night	nili
ara (alcohol)	zhu	Zhu jam cha mo?	Do you drink alcohol?
rain	ngam-su	Ngam-su kencho.	It's raining.
bridge	zampa
close, near	lepkha
front	gubka
backside	tshing loka
cat	dani
garden, farm	dumra
carrot	mulay tsalu
potato	jogtang
onion	kokpu
beans	orshu
these days	tenung namning
place	sagu
will do	chole
hat	mokulung
elder sister(ajim)	ana
younger sister(num)	ausa
elder brother(acho)	ata
younger brother(nucho)	kota
thing lom	heart
in the future	namning kay
gift	tang
village	dung
similar	dabu
head	sha-rang	Sha-rang ngam na.	I have a headache.
foot	bi
eye	ming
mouth	nowang
ear	namning kay
face	gum
hand	gadang
finger	broom
tongue	lay
next week	tshinga hapta

動詞

English	Sharchops	Example	Translation	Remarks
eat	zale	Jang Ema datshi zale.	I eat Ema datshi.
ate	zawa	Jang Kewa datshi zawa.	I ate Kewa datshi.
drink	jamay	Jang nga-ja jamay.	I drink milk tea.
drank	jama	Jang suja jama.	I drank suja.
want to go	dele	Jang phai ga dele.	I go to my house.
be going(far)	dena	Rok tshongkhang dena.	He is going to a shop.
be going(close)	dencha	Jang PD ga room ga dencha.	I am going to PD room.
went	de-wa	Jang Thimphu dewa.	I went to Thimphu.
arrive	shek pe	Jang Paro namning shek pe.	I arrive Paro tomorrow.
arrived	shek pa	Jang Paro ening shek pa.	I arrived Paro yesterday.
come	una	Rok jang ga phai ga una.	He comes my house.
came	upha	Rok jang ga office upha.	He came my office.
return	lokpa	Rok Japan lokpa.	He returns to Japan.
wake up	uncha	Rok chuche kung ga uncha.	She wakes up at 6am.
woke up	uwa	Rok omnen chuche nga ga uwa.	She woke up at 5am this morning.
sleep	yibla	Rok tabulan chuche ganda yen yibla.	She sleeps 8 hours everyday.
slept	yepha la	Rok ening ganda phe yepha la.	She slept only 4 hours yesterday.
sit	lanmsho	Rok kanthi ga lanmsho.	She sits on a chair.
sat	lanmala	Rok saga lanmala.	She sat on the ground.
walk	dena	Rok-tebak Lhakang dena.	They walk to the Lhakang.	Rok-tebak(far), Nai-tebak(close)
walked	dewa	Rok-tebak workshop room dewa.	They walked to the workshop room.
speak / talk	yekla	Rok-tebak Tshangla chas yekla.	They speak Tshangla.
spoke / talked	yekpa	Rok-tebak jang kam chas yekpa.	They spoke to me.
listen / hear	nan la	Rok-tebak ngan nan la.	They listen to music.
listened / heard	nan pa	Rok-tebak jang ga kan nan pa.	They listened my voice.
see / look / watch	gope	Rok-tebak namning movie gope dan.	They will watch a movie tomorrow.
saw / looked / watched	tongma	Rok-tebak ening jang tongma dan.	They saw me yesterday.

慣用表現等

Sharshop	Translation	Comment
Lok lu me.	See you again.
Jang yusung kuwa.	I got drank.
Sop la.	It's hot today.
Khur la.	It's cold now.
Jang binan kuwa.	I'm hungry.
Jang polang kawa.	I'm full.
Me yang.	No thank you.
Unu gong hap thur ya?	How much is it?
Chap ten.	Slowly.
Chap ten dey kei.	Let's go slowly.
Roma chic cho.	Sorry. ( Don't angry)
Unu da bhu mai.	Don't do it.
Ja chiken la.	It's beautiful.
Piskha ngan su kena.	It's raining outside.	piskha = outside, ngan-su = rain, kena = falling
Nong sho.	Please wait.
Kalu la.	It's difficult.	khalu = bitter
Unu soso la. / Rok soso la.	It's different.
Nang minan una mo?	Are you sleepy?
Jang ga menu gai.	Please show me menu.
Trowa la.	It's fun!
Ngam tsalu la.	The sun is strong.
Daz no sho.	please wait a little bit.
Piskha ledhi una.	it's windy outside.
Lekharan la.	It's close, near.
Sharan ngam na.	I have a headache.
Ma la mo.	Mindhu.
Jang mina unna.	I'm sleepy.
Lek na mo?	Do you like it?
Sho nang phina mo?	Are you happy?
Wudukpa.	I'm tired.

自己紹介&質問

Sharshop	Translation	Comment
Kuzuzanpola	Hello
Jang ga ming (your name) gila.	My name is (your name).
Jang Japan gai gi la.	I'm from Japan.
Jang Bhutan ga choni ning thur dan tshebang dewa.	I've lived in Bhutan for 1 year and 6 months.	tshebang = half
Jang Paro ga lai ancha.	I work in Paro.	lai = work
Ji Sharshop dazare sencha.	I know Sharshop a little bit.
Jang tha khorbay upha.	I'm roaming here.	tha = here,khorbay = roam, upha = came
Jang tha singma gi la, tha ga khorgay yen gay na.	I'm a newcomer here, so please teach me here.	singma = new
~~~~~~~~~~~
Nang ga ming(tshen) han ya?	What's your name?	tshen = formal expression of "name"
Nang chara hang nang cha ya?	What's your job?	chara = formal expression of "work"
Nang tha gai ra gi la mo?	Are you from here?
Oga lokai gi la ya?	Which site?	lokai = which site
Nnag ga pincha-bak oga cha ya?	Where is your family?
Nang ga pincha hap thur cha?	How many family members do you have?
Ja jamke.	Let's drink a cup of tea.
Ja jamme mo?	Do you want tea?

疑問詞等

English	Example	Translation	Comment
What = han	Rok ga ming han ya?	What's his name?
	Unu han ya?	What's this?
	Ale-ra han ya?	What's that?
	Nang ga yok han ya?	What's your job?
	Nang han ale lek cha?	What's your hobby?
	Time hap thur de wa la?	What time is it now?
	Han awa?	What happend?
	Nang han an cha ya?	What are you doing now?
	Nang nam ning han ale?	What do you do tomorrow?
	Nang e ning han awa ya?	What did you do yesterday?
	Nang han gocha ya?	What are you watching?
Who = ibi	Nan ibi ya?	Who are you?
	Rok ibi ya?	Who is that?
	Nang ga ama ibi ya?	Who is your mother?
When = han la	Nang hala Taktsang dewa ya?	When did you go to Taktsang?
	Nang ga birthday hala ya?	When is your birthday?
	Nang tabula hala wuncha ya?	When do you usually wake up?	tabula = always, wungcha = wake up
	Taxi hala shek pe ya?	When does a taxi arrive?
	Nang hala Paro uncha?	When did you come to Paro?	uncha = come
	Hala rume ya?	When can we meet?	rume = meet
Why = han ani	Nang han ani Thimphu dewa ya?	Why do you go to Thimphu?
	Nang han ani late dewa ya?	Why are you late?
	Nang han ani yek cha ya?	Why did you say that?	yek = say
	Nang han ani gep cha ya?	Why are you crying?	gep = crying
	Nang han ani English lam cha ya?	Why do you want to learn English?	lam = learn
	Han ani gong katan yek cha ya?	Why is it so expensive?
Which	Nang suja chasu pe mo, nang ngaja chasu pe ya.	Which do you prefer, butter tea or milk tea?
	Nang ga mobile unu gila mo? / Nang ga phone sho oga Khai gi la?	Which one is your mobile?
	Trashigang bus han la dencha ya?	Which bus goes to Trashigang?	dencha = going
	Nang ga favorite color han ya?	Which color do you like best?
	Han ke bo dozo ophe ya?	Which is faster, the train or the bus?	ophe = comming
How	Nang tenung han ten cha?	How are you today?
	Nang school han ten dencha ya?	How do you go to school?
	Hiking han ten la?	How was the hiking?
How much	Unu shirt gong hap thur ya?	How much is this shirt?
	Unu gong hap thur ya?	How much is this?
	Nang ngapka ri hap thur jang cha ya?	How much water do you drink a day?	ngapka = day, jang = drink
	Japan dele ga ticket gong hap thur ya?	How much does it cost to travel to Japan?
How long = gor be ya	Hap thur gor be ya?	How long does it take to get there?
	Nang Paro choni hap thur dewa ya?	How long have you lived in Paro?
	Meeting time hap thur gor be ya?	How long is the meeting?

動詞の活用

	Go	Eat	Come	Drink
present	dey	zay	odo	jamey
present continuous (I)	dencha	zancha	uncha	jame
present continuous (3rd)	dena, dhina	zancha dan	uncha dan, una	jam la
past	dewa, dhiwa	zawa	upha	jama
future (I)	dele	zale		jame dan
future (3rd)	dele dan	zale dan		jame dan
want to	dele	zale	uphe	jamey
let's do	dekhay	zakey
need to	delay khay lay	zalay khay lay

雑多な例文

Sharshop	English	Comment
Nang gi han ten se wa?	Why do you know that?
Jang ma din chin.	I didn't go.
Han ni chos pa?	Why did you make it?
Nang sere mo?	Do you know?
Jang gothpay la ma.	I wanna watch it.
Zan/zalu man cha.	I don't eat it.
Jang Bumthang ga binan nga chuwa.	I stayed in Bumthang for 5 days.
Nang e-ning hang chos pa?	What did you cook yesterday?
Khamung zik chowa.	I was washing clothes.	khamung = cloth
Nang ga mawamo alogaro?	Don't you have alogaro?
Mawa.	I don't have.
Nang phai-ga han ale/ancha?	What do you do in your house?
Nang ibi kam choncha?	Who do you live with?
Han awa?	What happened?
Tabura lam dang ni dencha.	I walk everyday.	dang-ni = walk
Ibi gi Sharshop yen be wa?	Who teach Sharshop to you?
Jang ga charo gi yen bi wa.	My friend tought me.
Nang ga charo ogay gi la ya?	Where is your friend from?
Rok-tebak Trashigang dan Mongar gay gila.	They are from Trashigang and Mongar.
Oga yen bin cha ya?	Where do they teach you Sharshop?
Jang Sharshop Paro tshongkhang ga lam cha.	I'm learning Sharshop in the Paro town.
Rok-tebak namesame sem lekpo cha.	They are very kind.
Nang ga chuti hala ya?	When is your off day?
Jang Woochu chon-cha.	I live in Woochu.
Zhingpu la mo?	Is is tasty?
Unu ~~~ gi la mo?	Is it ~~~?
Nang trowa showa mo?	Did you enjoy?

以上です。旅行中は本記事をカンペとして活用しつつ、現地の方々と交流しブータン東部の文化を学んできます。

最後にブータン国営放送BBSの動画を貼っておきます。シャショップを勉強していると必ずこの動画の話題になります。左の方はブータン人ではなく日本人です。このくらい流暢になりたいですね、精進します。